Thirty kinds of cold food production methods

 Thirty kinds of cold food production methods
1, mixed with raw onion
: onion, soy sauce, a pound of green and red peppers three three three money vinegar Five one-third of the money sesame oil money
salt Method: Wash the onion skin stripped of the old, straight knife cut into slices, and then changed into thick wire or small knife; pepper straight knife cut wire transfer to a plate in total, and then mix with salt, soy sauce, vinegar, and finally drops sesame oil, stir until it is good.
characteristics: fresh and crisp, hot and sour taste.
2, mixed with raw cabbage
: cabbage, soy sauce, five-half kilogram of sugar-fifth of a penny of money sesame oil salt, half
Method: Wash the cabbage stripped outside help, straight knife cut into inch long, half an inch width of the broken section. Two or three minutes into the boiling water picked up, not over, Lek to the water in a bowl. The soy sauce, sesame oil, sugar, salt, stir until it is transferred to good. In addition, can also add shrimp, Xianggan, green and red chili, transfer to vinegar, made of sweet and sour taste of cabbage.
Characteristics: salty crispy, Zuojiu dishes.
3, mixed with raw bean sprouts
: jin bean sprouts cucumber twenty-two onion salt five second money money money, vinegar, ginger and two five money a money
sesame oil Method: Wash the bean sprouts pick to the impurities, into the boiling water pot boiled cooked (be careful not to fire Billy soft), remove and control to the water; wash straight knife sliced ​​cucumber, then cut into filaments, sprinkle with salt, add onion, ginger and mix well, and finally doused with vinegar, sesame oil dish that is good. Such as adding foam soft rot Gansi, fans Serve bean sprouts mixed with the three wire.
characteristics: fresh and delicious, and nutritious.
4, cucumbers mixed with shrimp
raw materials: shrimp two pairs of two cucumber a green garlic sauce cabbage leaves three of a five-sesame oil money money money blisters fungus vinegar II
second method for making money: the shrimp peeling , into the boiling water pot cooked, remove and dry cold; Wash the cucumbers, straight knife cut into semi-circular pieces; green garlic, cabbage leaves picked clean, straight knife cut into sections, all on the case on the stand. Then push the cold shrimp, cut into pieces. Transfer to a plate and season again. Wobble the order is: first, spread the bottom with a cabbage leaf and then put the shrimp into a pattern (can be optional), top the cucumber slices, green garlic put on, sprinkle with water, fungus, into the soy sauce, sesame oil, vinegar is good.
features: bright and beautiful, fragrant liqueur.
5, beans mixed with sesame
material: five ounces of fresh beans sesame twenty-two salt pepper oil five five-ten money, money, MSG, ginger, three money
system of law: the beans cramps, broken, washed in boiling water cooked pot boiled, then soaked with cold water, remove and control to the water, on the transfer plate. Then sesame paste into a paste with cold water, put hot pepper oil, add salt, MSG, ginger poured on the beans, mix well then transfer to a plate.
features: green color, smell delicious.
6, pork mixed with vermicelli
raw materials: pork (lean) couple of green bean vermicelli two three money oil sesame oil soy sauce, five-fifth of the money five vinegar mustard salt water for a second money money money MSG ten
five sesame Method: Wash the pork first, then cut slices into a piece of filaments; vermicelli soaked too straight knife cut wire, into the boiling water pot, remove and put in cold water, drain control water, poured into a pan, stirring with chopsticks bulk. Wok stir then on, pour the oil pan, then stir fry the pork wok, add soy sauce, a money, to be served in a fan on the flesh color. Doused with vinegar, sesame oil, mustard, salt, MSG and turned into juice, preferably topped with sesame Serve.
features: Weixiang refreshing, Zuojiu cuisine.
7, mixed with chives
material: jin of fresh chives salt pepper ten five money
Method: Wash leek pick a good, straight knife cut into inch segments, mix salt, pepper, into the stamped bowl and marinate for two or three days you can eat.
features: affordable, Sato rice is best.
8, mixed with fragrant soy
raw materials: one or two of salt soy sauce jin rice wine or two five-spice powder five money money money
scallions Second Method: insect bites broken soybeans to pick washed into the pot, add the flooding live bean flour, into the five-spice powder (also can add a money Strato incense), on the stir cook a quarter of an hour or so, go to the small fire and simmer, then shall be added to salt, soy sauce, rice wine and other seasonings, cover the lid tightly to the Yuba swollen stew, soup into the gravy when the clean wok, cold dry plate. May sprinkle some chopped green onion to eat, a few drops of sesame oil, and its taste more fragrant.
features: delicious crispy, Zuojiu dishes.
9, spicy raw
fans: fans sixty-two soy sauce, sugar, a couple of fifth five-pepper oil vinegar three money money money, MSG, pepper and a method for making a point
: fans with open blisters first soft, cut into inch-long section of release plate. A bowl, add soy sauce, vinegar, sugar, monosodium glutamate and cold water five money transferred into a marinade, poured on the fans, sprinkle with pepper powder, Drizzle chili oil, mix well serve.
Features: This dish is Sichuan cuisine, spicy flavor, Zuojiu most desirable.
10, mixed with vermicelli
material: good noodles five ounces of water five pounds for money cucumber twenty-two sesame chili oil mustard three five money money money reconcile the two eight ounces of sesame oil
Method: add water noodles labeled gravy, boiled lit paste, spread on the board after Aohao, Bo Hou should be uniform, cool or cold rolled after, cut into strips, and dish, sprinkle cucumber, transferred sesame, mustard, chili oil, and pour soup reconcile, drops sesame oil Serve.
characteristics: cool delicious, Sheng Xiajia products.
11, mixed with celery
material: fresh celery salt jin fifth of five special vinegar, sesame oil money, money, soy sauce, three money
three systems of law: The net pick picking off leaves of celery, trimmed away the hair root, wash. Cut into five long sections, into the boiling water pot and boiled, then sprinkle with salt, mix well, pour soy sauce when eating, special vinegar, sesame oil, pepper oil can be poured into its flavor longer. Vinegar can not be put back, otherwise the dish will turn yellow.
features: green, tender and full of nutrition.
12, tomato sauce, celery
materials: a pound of tender celery salt tomato twenty-two oil money, a couple of white vinegar, two a penny
system Method: 1. choose fresh celery, put off the leaves, roots washed, straight knife to cut open the pedicle, into boiling water pot, see the water on again when the fish out, drain and cut into inch-long section, add salt, MSG put tray.
2. pot put on the fire, into the oil pan, add tomato sauce, sugar, vinegar and water amount, boiled water in the celery top.
Features: This dish color orange, fresh and delicious.
13, spiced peanuts
material: peanuts, a pound of salt, pepper or two a penny of money aniseed ginger cardamom three
half the money system of law: The net pick peanuts, with warm boiled water in the basin about two hours, the pot, add water about two pounds for lit and put salt, pepper, aniseed, cardamom, ginger, add peanuts cooked soup into the basin, remove dish that is eaten percent.
features: Spiced rich, should be the next Sakamoriba.
14,
raw spinach: Spinach pound of ginger, two money-eighth of Hong salt tofu two-thirds of sugar cooked shrimp three money money sesame oil salt lean two three money
Method: 1. the put off the old leaves of spinach, washed root tips were cut, under the hot water pot to the water on again when (Cook rolled over the middle), pause a moment, picked up the drain and then smoothed together Jiqu water, chopped very fine , then squeeze put a pot of water, add salt and sugar and mix well.
2. shrimps wash away the dust and impurities, put a small bowl, add boiling water just did not ping shrimp (preferably cage steam for twenty minutes), soaked and cut into very fine. Hong salty tofu and cooked lean meat are also cut very fine. The end of the above with ginger, hot shrimp spinach Mimi fell together, Drizzle sesame oil, mix well Serve.
features: this menu with a variety of raw materials due to the deployment, delicious taste.
15, mixed with assorted
raw materials: one or two fans couple of cooked pork cooked ham, cooked chicken or two made one or two of water spinach, dried shrimps five money center three eggs, soy sauce, two eight three money money mushrooms vinegar mustard and sesame oil for a three money money money MSG ten
paste the Second Method: chop five inches long segment of fans first, into boiling water cook until the center no hardness, remove and soak with a little cold water, the water Decanter , placed around the plate; spinach heart straight knife cut into inch segments; mushroom slice blade open, scalded with boiling water over back; then Chao Shao Heat over the fire, pour the egg open into a point spread thick shells, exposing Dan Pi cut into inch long from a sub-wide wire; pork, chicken, ham with a straight knife cut into more than one point thick, two inch long wire. Color of the various raw materials were neatly placed in the middle of disk fan, the fan on the Hai Misa. Finally, in a bowl the soy sauce, vinegar, sesame oil, mustard paste, MSG transferred into the juice, when consumption can be poured into.
Features: colorful, unique flavor.
16, three-wire raw celery
: tender celery salt fifth of a pound of water one or two mushrooms meat, sugar, bamboo net-fifth of a point or two MSG spiced dry two three money ginger sesame oil half
system of law : 1. will cut celery root to the leaves washed into the boiling water pot, when you see the water on again picked up, drain and cut into inch-long section, plus half of salt and mix well, transfer to a plate of.
2. the mushrooms, bamboo shoots, cut into filaments Xianggan, open water, blanched picked up the pot, drain and sprinkle in the celery after, then add ginger, sugar, salt, mix well, pour sesame oil Serve.
Features: This dish harmonic color, crisp delicious.
17, Gansi
green peppers mixed with raw materials: green pepper, five ounces of dry rot three Hong sugar, sesame oil money, a penny a salt of a much MSG ten
Method: Wash the handle to the first green pepper, cut into filaments with a straight knife; Hong dry rot is also cut into filaments with a straight knife together into the boiling water pot and boiled fish, Lek After the transfer of water into the bowl, add sesame oil, sugar, salt, monosodium glutamate, evenly mixing plate.
features: fragrant flavor and color, Zuojiu most desirable.
18, soy cauliflower
material: cauliflower jin salt pepper oil five five money money money ginger chopped green onion for a second money
Method: Wash the cauliflower to the root, broke open the petals, straight knife cut into about eight block, placed in boiling water and boil, then remove and control dry, sprinkle with salt dish, put end of onion, ginger, pepper Heat oil to soy balls.
Features: delicious fresh form, should Junior Sakamoriba.
19, soy celery
material: pound five ounces fresh ginger, celery salt five-second money money money MSG ten five-pepper oil vinegar two money
Method: Fresh pluck leaves and roots of celery washed, straight knife cut into eight segments long (thick roots can be split in half), into the pot boil water remove cooked, washed with cold cold control dry, then salt, MSG, vinegar mix uniform dish, put ginger, pour heated soy oil pepper to taste.
features: nutritious, delicious aroma.
20, soy hot wire
three ingredients: lettuce cucumber pound five ounces salt pepper twenty-two five Qian Hong Qian Jiang a three-piece green onion vinegar pepper oil money, the second five money
Method: lettuce stripped Wash skin, straight knife cut wire; washed and shredded cucumber; pepper also cut wire. Sprinkle with salt, vinegar, mix well, put onion, ginger, soy pepper oil on top.
characteristics: bright, blind taste.
21, shamisen
raw cucumber: cucumber jin five ounces sugar, pepper three four five money salt vinegar and five money money money, ginger and onions for a second second money, money, soy sauce, five-pepper oil money
Method: Wash cucumbers to the flesh, straight knife cut into thirds width, eight long segment; pepper also cut straight knife wire; cucumber boiled fish in the water control in the dry, sprinkle with salt and mix well dish. Heat the oil in the pepper pot, place onion, ginger, pepper, soy sauce, vinegar, sugar, soy and other tuned in cucumber balls.
features: color flavor the United States, making convenient.
22, soy rape
material: fresh rape jin salt pepper oil five five-Qian Jiang Qian three onions a method for making money
: Wash the rape roots to the leaves, cut into eight long straight knife wiping blade, placed in boiling water boiled cooked, remove and control dry, mix salt dish, sprinkle with onion, ginger, soy into the pepper oil heating can be.
Features: bright green and crisp, Yi Zuo noodles or rice.
23, the oil shock of cucumber
raw materials: oil catty catty tender cucumber (fuel consumption of one or two) two onions chili pepper ten second half of the money trees, sugar, ginger, vinegar and two third money money money salt five
Method: Wash cucumbers, cut both ends on a note of a split two digging Rangzi. Article upward into space is also a sub-set of twill, knife half the depth of the cucumber, do not cut through, then cut into inch segments; pepper Wash Straight knife cut into filaments. Wok stir then on, pour the oil poured eight mature, green and then remove the cucumber into pieces, placed in the plate per side up. Pot to stay a little oil, fry into the pepper to remove coke. Along with the onions, ginger, chilli and various spices into, and turned into juice, pouring in cucumber balls.
features: green fresh crisp, distinctive flavor.
24, soy bean sprouts
material: jin bean sprouts salt pepper oil five five money money money onion for a three-piece ginger vinegar, coriander two three money
Method: Wash the bean sprouts good pick , into boiling water, boil, remove and control dry, sprinkle with salt, vinegar, mix well and dish cabbage leaves. Last put onion, ginger, coriander, soy oil can on the pepper.
features: crisp and delicious, the production is simple.
25, soy spicy cabbage
material: jin red pepper cabbage four ginger soy sauce, three five-money money money sugar, sesame oil two five eight-money salt method for making money
: Wash the cabbage stripped outside help, straight knife cut into slices one-third of the bar width thick, salt mix, pickled fish out, with the cool taste of open water to the salt and control dry, placed in the basin. Then the sugar, vinegar, soy sauce, Chinese cabbage based on the open fell, the two peppers, shredded ginger, sprinkle the cabbage, and then use the other two chili sesame oil to be poured in bowls of fried yellow, soy back cover ten minutes.
features: spicy crisp and refreshing, Sakamoriba all together.
26, soy chili cucumber
raw material: fresh cucumber jin four red pepper salt pepper oil five five money money money onion sauce for a three-piece of a much ginger vinegar sugar two three money
money Method: Wash the cucumber, split into two with a knife to the flesh, straight knife cut into eight long segment, sprinkle with salt and marinate for ten minutes dry control. Then soy sauce, vinegar, sugar, salt, mix well together. Spicy shredded, green onion, shredded ginger are put, soy pepper in hot oil heated wire, and with the plate buttons can be on for a while.
characteristics: sour sweet and spicy aroma, and nutritious.
27, soy kelp
raw materials: water kelp pound five ounces five money salt pepper oil vinegar, three vegetables and three five-money money money ginger spring onion for a three-piece
Method: kelp washed, cut into filaments, on the water boiled fish in the control of dry, sprinkle with salt, mix well and dish vegetable silk, and finally put onion, ginger, and pour vinegar, pepper soy oil heating balls.
Features: silk long Weixiang, distinctive flavor.
28, shamisen
raw cabbage: cabbage, red pepper jin four sugar five five money money salt pepper oil vinegar, five-five money money money, ginger and three onion sauce for a second system of money, MSG ten
Method: The yellow cabbage pick to help rotten leaves, go to the root wash, straight knife-third wide, eight long blocks, remove cooked on the water in the dry cold boiled control dry, hot pepper cut into filaments stand; Sprinkle salt, mix the cabbage, pepper pot to heat the oil, put a hot wire, spring onion, ginger, white and sweet and sour, soy sauce, MSG, soy and other sauces on top.
features: red and white, spicy and more flavor.
29, chives mixed Gansi
raw materials: four ounces of Hong chives salt tofu twenty-two MSG-fifth of one point eight sugar, sesame oil three money
Method: Wash the leeks, slightly under the water pot hot, fast turn over and then burn about three seconds, and fishing on the basket, the forced rejection to the water, then cut into inch-long segments, put dish, hot mix in salt and MSG. Another cut will be mouth watering and authentic silk, sprinkle on the chives, Drizzle sesame oil, mix well Serve.
Features: chive quick dip in boiling water for hot, slightly crispy texture and fragrance; Xianggan flexibility, taste refreshing
30, kelp mixed with fans
raw materials: water, fat kelp couple of cabbage leaves three fans twenty-two vinegar water MSG, soy sauce, five-three money money money ten three chopped green onion salt two a penny of money ginger garlic sesame oil money, three for a pound mud
Method: kelp washed sand, straight knife cut into filaments, through the fish out into the water boil ; water pushed into five-inch section of fans, filaments cabbage leaves washed straight knife. The three types of food material and transfer into the basin, then the soy sauce, vinegar, salt, MSG, ginger, green onion, garlic, sesame oil transferred in turn, stir, then transfer to a plate and serve.

The benefits of drinking milk and seven of the nine taboo

 The benefits of drinking milk and seven of the nine milk is a young and old taboos Safe, low cost high quality liquid nutritional supplements. Early in the morning, drink a bowl of milk to eat a few steamed dumplings, the traditional way of eating is both convenient and nutritious.
scholars believe that drinking milk has the following advantages:
1, physical fitness
hectogram milk contains 4.5 grams of protein, fat 1.8 g, carbohydrates 1.5 g, phosphorus 4.5 grams, 2.5 grams of iron , 2.5 grams of calcium and vitamins, riboflavin, etc., to enhance physical fitness of good.
2, prevent diabetes
milk contains large amounts of cellulose, can effectively prevent the excessive absorption of sugar, reducing sugar, which can prevent diabetes, is essential for good diabetes food daily.
3, control high blood pressure
soy beans contained steroids and potassium, magnesium, sodium salt is a powerful substance. Sodium is the recurrence of hypertension and one of the main causes, if the body can properly control the amount of sodium, both prevention and treatment of hypertension, but also the treatment of hypertension.
4, coronary heart disease prevention
soy beans contained steroids and potassium, magnesium, calcium can enhance the excitement of vascular effort to improve the effort nutrition, lower cholesterol and promote blood flow to prevent vasospasm. If you can drink a bowl of milk every day, the recurrence rate of coronary heart disease can be reduced by 50%.
5, to prevent stroke
milk contained magnesium, calcium can significantly reduce brain blood lipids, improve cerebral blood flow, thus effectively preventing cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage. Lecithin contained in soybean, but also reduce brain cell death and improve brain function.
6, in the prevention of cancer
milk protein and selenium, molybdenum has a very strong ability of tumor suppressor and cancer, especially gastric cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer effects. According to the survey people who do not drink soy milk than the probability of cancer who milk drunk by 50%.
7, to prevent bronchitis
contain milk and wheat acid to prevent bronchitis smooth muscle spasm, thereby reducing and mitigating the onset of bronchitis.
8, prevent aging
contained in milk selenium, vitamin E, C, a great antioxidant, can make the body's cells
9, to prevent the elderly to stay stagnant, AIDS, constipation, obesity and other nutritional
milk though, but a lot of taboos, friends like to drink milk, you had better look at Oh!
taboo to drink milk :
1, avoid uncooked milk
drink a lot of people like to buy raw milk for home heating, heating Bay to see the bubble on the misconception that has been boiled, in fact, this is the thermal expansion of soy milk to form organic matter on the risk caused by the phenomenon of the bubble, not boiling, is not cooked.
not cooked milk is harmful to humans. Because milk contains two kinds of toxic substances, would lead to protein metabolism, and gastrointestinal tract irritation, causing symptoms of poisoning. Milk poisoning prevention approach is to milk in the boiling temperatures of 100 ℃, can be safe drinking. If a headache after drinking milk, respiratory obstruction and other symptoms should immediately seek medical treatment must not delay time to prevent life-threatening.
2, avoid playing in the soy milk a lot of people like eggs
dozen eggs in milk, believing it more nutritious, but this method is unscientific, it is because egg protein easily and mucus soybean trypsin in combination, produce a substance that can not be absorbed by the body and greatly reduce the body's absorption of nutrients.
3, avoid red brown sugar, soy milk and brown sugar
tasted sweet and fragrant, but the brown sugar in the organic acids and milk proteins in combination, can produce variability sediment, greatly undermined the nutrients.
4, avoid loading
milk in flasks vacuum flask can remove the material within the scale, at a temperature suitable conditions, in order to milk as the nutrient, bacteria can multiply the bottle, After 3 4 hours can make the milk rancidity deterioration.
5, avoid drinking too much excess
easily lead to a protein drink milk indigestion, abdominal distention, diarrhea and other symptoms.
6, avoid empty stomach to drink milk in the milk protein
city in the body into heat which is consumed, can not fully play a tonic effect. Drink milk while eating bread, cakes, bread and other starchy foods, protein, etc. can make soy milk under the action of the starch, and the occurrence of gastric juice more fully digested, so that nutrients are fully absorbed.
7, avoid drinking from the same drug
in some drugs will destroy the nutritional content of milk, such as tetracycline, erythromycin and other antibiotics. people should not drink milk

1, acute gastritis and chronic superficial gastritis patients should not eat soy products, so as not to aggravate the condition over stimulate gastric acid secretion, or cause flatulence.
2, beans contain a certain amount of oligosaccharides, can cause belch gas, bowel, abdominal distension and other symptoms, so there are the best friend eating ulcer. Gastritis, renal failure patients need a low protein diet, and beans and their products are rich in protein, and its metabolites will increase burden on the kidney, should be fasting.
3, beans with renal oxalate in the calcium-binding, easy to form stones, will add to the symptoms of kidney stones, so patients with kidney stones should not be eaten.
4, gout is caused by the purine metabolism disorder disease. Soy is rich in purine, and purine are hydrophilic substances, therefore, soybeans ground into a paste, the purine content than other soy products several times. Therefore, the milk is not appropriate for patients with gout.

Detailed double play ghost world

 Detailed double play ghost world
a) What is the world double ghost
is generally believed that the so-called dual ghost world tactics, is with the troops on the ground to Ghoul, Gargoyle air to the main fighting force an undead tactics. Typically, such tactics need to meet the three heroes. arms according to change of late with, you can be subdivided into two-ring type, sea-based skeleton, destruction type, spider-type double ghost world.
(b) of the World features dual ghost world
first look at the ability of dual-mm
Ghost Ghoul: Gargoyle:
training costs mm120 gold, 2 gold population mm185 training costs, 30 wood, 2 mm general population
type of attack common attack type mm (air), needle (ground)
melee attacks mm mm melee attack (air), remote-to-ground (earth)
ground attack averaged 13.5 mm (17.5) Average air attacks mm 65.5 (82)
no ground attack air attacks mm mm on average 19.5 (27)
attack interval mm1.30 (1.05) against the interval mm1.4 (on empty), 2.2 (ground)
mm range of close combat melee range mm (air), 300 (ground)
mm heavy armor type A 0 (6) without a 3 mm armor types (9)
speed mm Medium (270) / Fast (350) mm fast speed (350)
Life Life mm340 mm410
mm evil aura of life recovery, barren land restoration mm evil aura of life, barren land
training site training location mm mm crypt crypt
training time mm18 mm35 seconds
seconds training time during the day and the day view mm140 mm140
vision night vision night vision mm80 mm80
needs no demand mm mm Cemetery
unit level unit level mm2 mm2
Typically, double ghost world has the following advantages:
1, high mobility. Ghoul frenzy after the upgrade, with the evil aura, on the ground, its speed almost no arms to match it, aside attacks aside, just the momentum the enemy had an overwhelming advantage, especially in the face of the spider and the other musketeers very strict on the formation of long-range arms, the fanaticism of the food dead ghost group became rapidly through the formation of the weapon, in theory, equivalent to only cost 100 gold, 150 wood and 45 seconds of the upgrade time, buy the unlimited use of the accelerated scroll. The Gargoyle itself is highly mobile air arms, although the majority of the air arms have high mobility, however, the acceleration of the evil aura UD unique role is a big advantage.
2, and low cost. Ghoul is outside the four major races in addition to farmers most low cost arms, 120 gold, no wood, the construction time of 18 seconds, leisure time can also be a collective gathering, in the shortest possible time, hoarding a lot of timber, and as the air force, the cost of Gargoyle is also far lower than the one family Lung Ying Dragon and the Orcs, the case of double-crypt production easily groups of stone like a ghost.
3, low population occupied. Ghoul and Gargoyle are occupied by two people, low population mean occupation the case of the same population, compared with high population occupied by the enemy, your troops is very easy to achieve mass (see HUM helicopter burst of life to know the value of low-mass units are horrible), the momentum on the first intimidated by the enemy, and reduce the population often go home and worry.
4, complementary type of attack. Typically, the remote arms mostly puncture attack, medium armor, and for the general attack, heavy armor of the Ghoul, the Whether or armor from the attack on the remote will cause a certain degree of restraint in arms, and heavy armor forces Ghoul fear of magic, though not powerful attack the Master, but hit a unit body weight additive effects is not small, especially for such a low value of life Ghoul A unit of weight is especially true, the Master unit is weak, but generally hidden in the formation of the end, rely on Ghoul is not easy to destroy them break formation, The air attack of the Gargoyle puncture is not a mage can create an effective force to combat.
the same time, the existence of heaven and earth dual ghosts following shortcomings:
1, the low value of life. In addition to the night elf archers outside , Ghoul's life is among the lowest primary branches of the military, and Gargoyle is the lowest of life in the four races of the air units (one non-that to that 90 blood Huniu owl can be considered invincible, then I have no way hh ), low-life to rely on the value of the number of units in combat advantage, and for such a large number of power striking the surface to kill a lot of magic, such as storms and fire breathing, etc., can be eliminated in a very short time a large number of low-life value of units. < br> 2, the higher the operating requirements. Generally, the lower the value of life, the more vulnerable armor, mobility, the higher the unit, the greater the dependence on the operation, requiring higher. The world will undoubtedly be a combination of two-ghost dependent on the operation of superb quality, it can play its original power. details in the following I will speak.
(c) of the world processes double
fighting a ghost, the ghost world start to double.
usually This tactic did not start so special about base training 2 Acolyte, Ghoul gathering, choose a Acolyte has built the crypt, respectively, Ziggurat and the altar (BCBZBA start), there is a start of construction order is crypt, altar and Ziggurat (BCBABZ start), like 3 for early release to accompany the altar, harassment of players, and the crypt is suitable for early release early MF. crypt start training immediately after completion of construction Ghoul, before the hero out of the altar, you can send a ghoul to do early detection, the rest of the Ghoul collection timber, the upper limit of the population is about to catch up on arrival made Ziggurat (usually when the upper limit of the difference between a population of 4-6 should supplement made Ziggurats, Ghoul training time is 18 seconds, and the construction time of Ziggurat 50 seconds) and the other down the store as early as possible. When a hero out of the altar, you should eat 4-5 have been trained dead ghosts, ghouls can take to carry out these initial MF, preferably at least 210 wood Ghoul set out later, this golden MF process can be time enough to upgrade the base 325, thus, start to completion. the most good for the purchase of a voodoo monster hero sticks, commonly known as skeleton rods, to make up for the lack of early strength. Also in the MF or harassment and suppression of the process, do not forget to put down the cemetery, the cemetery for the world is also very important for the two-ghost , the specific content I would say the following.
of: didi0 reply to this statement cover 2007-5-6 18:27 delete
2 Re: Detailed
world play two double ghosts, ghost world double the early fighting.
the so-called world of early double-ghost, the early fighting in the operational aspects, usually conducted around the Wei Sha and two-lane, at the strategic level, usually around the MF, harassment, and other double-crypt explosive dog RUSH ideas were.
1, Wei Sha.
ghosts in heaven and earth tactics of the early double, in fact only the existence of ghouls just such an arm, commonly known as puppy Ghoul, as why it is called the dog I presumably because they like the Zerg in Starcraft great puppy Zergling, Zergling to three after the violent will. As the undead player, each person must learn to use the dog, and the art of using dogs is the most outstanding performance around kill. Weisha goal is to limit the advantages of the action, when the attack a unit, if the object of attack to escape, attack it in the unit it can only be done in the pursuit of intermittent, sporadic weak attacks, attacks in the chase process, the other units of the enemy units will have caused continuing harm, he produced a Weisha mm since the target of this technique, we should kill the target, rather than simply a waste of firepower on the chase.
general , Wei Sha need to meet the following conditions:
(1) speed advantage. one's own actions faster than the other, on the undead, it can usually be achieved using the following methods: Unholy Aura, Ghoul Frenzy, ice tower gear, frost Star deceleration, a deceleration of ice, sleep, and so on. When the speed is less than each other, catch up with chasing him, mentioning the Weisha?
(2) the number of advantages. Generally speaking, the more the number of units, Wai more likely to kill targets, while the lower unit Wei Sha usually 4-5 months (depending on the collision size Weisha goal may be), in general, 6 units that can be weisha out. and sometimes you can use the advantage of terrain such as trees, deep water, heights, construction, Wei Sha to units with less purpose, such as the pub door dog containment neutral hero 3.
general, Wei Sha, follow these steps: do not attack units directly move to target the rear, on the move, the ghoul will form an irregularly shaped square, this time can be used manually to adjust the position of the Ghoul is not very good, when Wei Sha target them precisely in time square Press M Jian, left click target, the ghouls began to move closer to the target from all directions, quickly repeat this step until the target of action is completely restricted, and then attack.
units are generally very wei sha difficult to get out, so you can see a lot of low-level heroes hesitate to use when faced with Weisha scroll back to the city in order to maintain life. On the contrary, precisely because of the hero's position is very important, so long as the operation of the other excellent seasoned, usually not easily be small dead birds around their hero, this time to consider replacing Wei Sha goals. For example, when the ORC starting FS, led by three big G come to you, do not rush to Weisha FS, FS is remote hero, Wei Sha difficulty larger than the melee hero, you might consider pretending to be around FS, on the occasion of his panic to turn around poor defenseless position of the large G, surrounded by FS, is likely to die around, and when he returned only last a little blood when City, and a cream drink is a hero, and a large G cost you more than one hero, can not return to the city, the construction time is longer, so the circumference G is also a good choice. Many times, fear of the devil, some players preferred the early fighting, the skills can improve sleep efficiency Wei Sha, as the case just described, you can also sleep live longer circumference FS G, if you are lucky you can even die around the two, if luck is not good enough, around dead FS will be a go after some of the harvest around.
All in all, the birds UD beginner to remember, is the UD would be to use the dog, the dog will be used will Wei Sha, Wei Sha should be every UD instinct.
2, two-lane operation.
general, two-lane operations, the single (double) Hero harassment or escort, the MF man behind the combat skills. Early in the battle to see the level of a player, to a large extent to see his skills in two-Wei Sha and how.
UD is the most common two-lane operations or raids DK front of the escort, puppies for MF. beginner's smaller two-lane birds are likely to find difficult to balance both ends, often lead to awkward double red blood hero fled, a large dog also died. In fact separately, in front of the two-lane DKmm when you do not need skilled mm when What really kill units, or grab something, you have to do is watch his actions, nothing more, and focus on the rear, experienced players like to choose two-MF in the evening, you can first target Wai dead call, the operator is not assured, then let the dog out in front of all Kangshang each piece of wood, give them formation, when found to reduce blood when a puppy, select it, press the E key It carried the wood will run their own home, if not assured, simply upgrade the skills of the body to eat, so that seriously injured the dog home to eat, need special attention, the Ghoul unit of such a low value of life, the absolute can not wait until the red blood Zaiwang Hui pull, yellow blood will need to withdraw. And when getting used to this operation, DK can grab grab appropriate experience, to kill a few red blood enemies, Qiangdian baby or something, in fact, two-lane just so simple (do not look at me with admiration, actually, I do not hh hh), but do not forget at the appropriate time to collect the treasures MF fall. But it is not sure if it is honestly single bar.
of: didi0 reply to this statement cover 2007-5-6 18:28 delete
3 Re: Dual Ghost play world Detailed
3, RUSH.
usually afraid of near point RUSH's race is NE, and UD's RUSH, mainly around the city to sell back to the dog started blasting double crypt. This RUSH typically be found in the same family or for war fighting in NE, with the family during the war many people like to choose as the first hero of LICH, frost Nova Ghoul for fragile, its destruction is devastating. but to RUSH complete, the best to sell back to the city, because although the money double barracks explosion UD dogs, but not enough in the early economic ability to build a second barracks to sell back to the city's money can be used to build a second barracks, In addition, if RUSH failure, even if the return to the city, nor will any war situation changed, two barracks RUSH and TR, is not posterior tactics, RUSH fails, all bets are basically equal to, if you want to leave your posterior, then the intensity must be less than RUSH, fish and bear's paw can not have both, the relative lack of fighting in the economy beginning to be a flood of forces have to sacrifice technology. RUSH I personally do not recommend tactics, first it is too risky; Second Class Heroes now many calls as FL, Altered Beast and so on, summoned by cheap money in exchange for consumption of your troops, the other the location is good for one or two towers on fragile dog UD threat of force is not too small (I did not mention the hole in the ground because there have not heard of ORC with a dog who would dare to RUSH ORC's hh), such as the UD RUSH circumstances and not worth; Finally, RUSH will inevitably lead to late or no chance to rise 2 liters of 2 (and some who never even intended to fierce What is 2 liters), while the other two for a good, intermediate, especially arms Air Force, even a small number of ground-to-air capability of the dog without force is a serious threat, UD two nights at each other, whether web or Gargoyle, the Air Force, there must be later than the other, let alone now RUSH up what many people have forgotten even forgot to make the cemetery, in the end no Gargoyle Spider hh air supremacy does not fall into each other under control, the Air Force at first only sporadically, and when UD played sporadically after the Air Force, the other Air Force has basically taken shape, press down hard to comeback after the UD. In short order RUSH need to think twice, after all, it is really no technical content.
three mid-heaven and earth dual ghost battle.
UD is an three rely heavily on the race, many branches of the military not to play in three of its original before the power of ghosts in the dual world is one of the dog, and the UD-known combination of the three heroes need three, which determines the use of UD double ghost world tactics to speed climbing three, two did not stagnate after a direct climb to three. The period of UD, is very fragile. in the fragile medium, need to note the following:
1, MF upgrade hero level.
UD hero than the hero of any race need to grade, UD strong in the hero of this race, MF can get experience points with small amounts of money and, most important treasures of the collection. MF's intention for the Magic Found, treasure hunt, imagine if LICH freshman who brought a small two blue bottles, plus a stolen wand, DK freshman with a small two green bottles, plus a large invincible, and then out of a Healing Ward Book of the Dead or something, suffered such a force nightmare hh
of MF does not seem necessary to say, this is a very basic thing, and needs to be said when the point is that MF unfortunate situation of being caught. When sea turtles MF744 This place, people always live in fear, fear of the enemy out from a dark corner to the creeps (although see who called the creep who beat but I always feel that they seem to prefer to play me and had never called me an enemy) with the assistance of the lunatic you inhuman onslaught, the most depressing thing is that you went to great lengths to beating the red blood of wild creatures, but he effortlessly solve the monster , and the universe in the light of day under the Lang Lang, it should openly take away the treasure belongs to you hh run into this situation, ask who is not depressed? who is not angry? when the order to arrest the loss of MF to a minimum, need to pay attention to the following points:
First, try to destroy the monster leads to some distance and then try to make sure the rear is safe behind a dead end when the wild creatures, the Raozhi the rear to MF, if the MF was arrested, so that the enemy caught in the wild monster and among themselves, rather than their enemies caught in the wild between the monster and got hit; Secondly, when the case back to the city when the adverse decision, if the fall of the treasures on earth, the place where the deputy hero closer to the treasure, to seek the treasure away, if the formation confusion, I can not take away treasures, it will be A fall, do not leave the enemy use; Third, we must remember that in trouble, anyway, has been arrested, do not panic, to see flashed ALT hapless enemies there red blood units, A death of a longer follow; Finally, if you back close to the shops, the fountain of life and magic of the spring so that a neutral building, do not rashly decided to return to the city, in front of stores and buy invincible, buy group meeting, Anti Jamaica is very convenient, is not necessarily against you, do weigh the decision.
of: didi0 reply to this statement cover 2007-5-6 18:28 delete
4 Re: double demon world Detailed
air superiority and combat methods grasp the initiative.
be an example to help, when UD against the NE, we often see as little more than two teams are semi-NE base went Gargoyle to harass the farmers collected wood, this time, the Air Force has not yet appeared in its case, most would consider returning to anti-NE (HT, if the pure violence NE, on the air forces of course, do not return to zero, the anti-hh), The NE's back on defense, of course is only temporary, he would consider two ways: First, the Air Force, the second is made defense. NE regardless of how the choice of the main forces must be allowed to spend time at home, the Air Force or defense are made need from the new building, if the troops were not at home, under the attack of the Gargoyle, the new building made it almost impossible, so keep the base in the NE of time, UD can be assured MF, without fear of being arrested, and even some UD Council Select the expansion during this period. In fact at this time NE, is being led by the nose UD, because experienced UD, has begun to upgrade the web, prepare a small air force of the spider against the NE, the choice made out of the Air Force or Defense , NE are unwittingly assigned in accordance with the intention of UD's own resources, namely UD, the initiative has already mastered the fighting.
Conversely, if the NE pre-emptive, to reach base in the Gargoyle placed before the next defense, the situation is completely reversed. First of all the harassment of farmers Gargoyle does not always succeed, who wore the stone on the attack tree, the blood is less Gargoyle not last long, and harassment of the effect may not be ideal.
and why the Air Force did not consider the issue from the NE before, it is because of the Gargoyle UD can be built without new construction, which is very important. In addition to the three other races outside the UD, its air force is need for new building , and this dependence two new buildings, assuming the same time rose to 2 (General UD's two much better than the other races earlier), when the production of other races completed Air Force buildings, single-BC, should have been trained out of UD Gargoyle 2, two BC have sufficient resources to train theoretically UD 4 Gargoyle (in theory only, in general, two of the UD did not just so much money), it is important Gargoyle 2, UD to master the air, largely dependent on the 2 Gargoyle.
or in NE, for example, when the first training is completed Eagle Point, UD should have about 3 Gargoyle in the death of DK auxiliary winding, the three Gargoyle eagle against a corner should have little problem, and thus, in accordance with the ideal situation, out of an elimination of a hawk eagle, air superiority would be entirely in the hands of UD. But this, after all, is the ideal situation, there is a certain level of NE can not make this Chenxin wishful UD, experienced a good NE will cleverly hidden hawk eagle, and when you face to face is the one who is the dark mass, this time the control of the air by the two co-master, meet the Air Force forming NE, in the control of the air may be you are not inferior, but it is obviously, you have no advantage.
3, ornate ghost world rely on the operation of double-Art.
double ghost world Ghoul as a ground which is the main melee arms, many people believe that compared with the spiders, dogs do not need too much action, as long as A space behind the enemy can, in fact this idea is extremely wrong, the dog belonging to the low value of life the arms, the lower the value of life, the higher the dependence on the operation. A dog in the open space behind the enemy the same time, which only need to pay attention, or what some puppies, is suffering the joint enemy units 2-3 attack, indicating the formation of traditional hands-on tutorial of the blood bath to select observation units reduce blood withdrawal of the battlefield, but the actual operation, when fighting melee units in the two teams, there is the absence of the factors that volley, as reflected in the blood trough physical strength is not obvious that this time it is necessary to observe the formation of blood groove, but also pay attention to the big screen, when you see a unit being attacked due to their various units to withdraw. Huntress such as infantry and Orcs units, usually in red or yellow blood when the blood back to its base, and like the dog in the blood start to turn yellow, you must adjust their position, the article said some of tactical withdrawal dog red blood and then simply fraught with red blood spiders also possible, but the red blood has been very difficult to withdraw the base of the dog, and ran out the other side of the range did not wait to hang out, this time (not possible with C blood circumstances) with it withdrawal as it battled to death. Some of the operations master of metamorphosis when the arms in the face of a remote, almost hit what you pull him only the dog which only few mm even though the number of blood loss after mm retreat and ran back some distance fight, and end all of your remote soldiers did not die lost without him, so that people will be targeted retreat, the purpose is not to protect the goal, but upset the order of your attacks, rely on the remote unit volley into disorderly scattered attacks, the hit that beat the look, the last which have not only killed, but his type of attack on either type or armor units are grams of the wearer's hand to hand to defeat the return. Of course, a master of action to achieve this level is rare, after all, few people, although the birds may not reach this lifetime achievement, at least closer to this goal.
of: didi0 seal 2007-5-- 6 18:29 Reply to this statement delete
5 Re: Dual Ghost World Detailed
The Gargoyle play a higher level of action depends. in the battle, the location of Gargoyle is important, too forward, then easily become the target concentration of firepower, such as needle guns and AC units, playing without a few Gargoyle is one; too far, did not have any effect, you know Gargoyle range of only 300 on the ground, air attack is melee. In this case, you need to make full use of the advantages of terrain, as much as possible so that Gargoyle near trees, high ground, cliffs, deep water is difficult to attack ground forces and other places, if it is found to attack the enemy Gargoyle motivation He immediately fled the dead fire, when the enemy attacks Gargoyle give up, and then burst out of the enemy force roundabout without a unit of mm in the Master course is the first choice this time, according to this procedure is repeated continuously so that the enemy Gargoyle or heroes or ghosts, greater role, if ground troops have been struggling with you, you can try around with the three spiders and spiders under the hand of Network an equal number of enemy air force, then use the speed advantage of the withdrawal of some distance, not too much to leave network can be a range of Air Force, the Air Force's formation is so upset the other party, which dominated the Air Force for the volley as Hippogryph Rider, are relatively easy to use way.
4, heaven and earth dual ghost essential items mm groups make scrolls.
base to 3, I personally believe that stores the most kind-hearted UD home, because it sells group meeting, the world most in need of dual tactics of ghosts is a group of items that make up. fragility of my arms In the previously mentioned, it is easy for a team beaten by the other puppies soon to red blood, a team of fire-breathing days, the devil was after the Panda, though not afraid to die and the other head-on collision, and then basically equal to the disability of troops , at the moment if you use a group meeting, it is a team of heroes (good dog?). Some people say that group make up is very expensive, but it is not on the master is expensive, compared annihilated, the two or three groups make up the money is still cheap enough, if not buy a group meeting led to give all troops were destroyed, even if you have enough money to recycling, and time is not allowed, the enemy will not give you a chance to recuperate a certain scale attack your base, and making soldiers is needed time, and time is of resources, in a sense, time is even more important than gold and timber resources.
By the way, buying groups try to make up the first time the group bought to complement fine shops, and finally consider the family store, the best time to buy two, so your enemies in a certain period of time there is no way to fine stores in the group buy again to fill.
(d) double the ghost world under the late battle
the choice of heroes and later changes in arms, dual ghost world of the late tactic may have the following changes:
1, double-ring ghost world.
ROC era of the popular double-ring Ghoul, can be seen as double the current world Ghost tactical shape. fanatical evil dog with three rings, no one than its speed, just look at this attitude is enough to surprise people, and fragile blood-sucking ghouls in the ring under the effect of the value of life can effectively added to the empty Gargoyle is a high motor units with high attack (high attack refers to the general air attack), Vampiric Aura role in particular. In addition, the fragile world is afraid of ghosts face double kill magic touch Addict Two days, HUM's CW double kill, LICH and Panda, senior NOVA tactical fire breathing, regardless of quantity, accidentally become cannon fodder in an instant, when fear of the devil's sleep skills can effectively inhibit each other cast magic to kill the hero side, although the time-bound sleep, wake up can also be A, but the magic of those terrorist, even less time so that they are good.
2, ghost world destruction.
sounds the name of a very domineering, the actual is also very easy to use. heaven and earth dual ghost is extremely high mobility combined arms, and for highly mobile units, their mobility, if not as good as they are, they need to find ways to restrain the mobility of the. restraint mobility is also a lot of ways, such as the witch slowly, panda fog so people listened to the wine that is very annoying to the skills, after three, UD has the strongest race four units of mm set disperse disperse, magic-free , high mobility, high attack power (with the case of magic attack power almost equal to the night Chimera), the value of the high life in one of the destroyer. When the giant statue came crashing down, destroyed by spreading its wings soar into the sky the moment, Many people would shudder. In the face of terror continue to swallow such a magic unit, master of the witches, priests, Xiong, wind Germany, hh the role of shaman for the destruction only to provide a steady stream of magic, the more effective destruction.
3, skeleton ghost world.
this type of tactics from the tactics of the old skeleton sea, I believe that many people have had poor results reconnaissance skeleton drowned in the surging sea of tragic experience. The UD because of the need climbing three straight, two slaughterhouses after the need to build, so difficult to have enough funds to build the temple of the curse, as three did not climb a bunch of mages with only a small amount of half team spider car that the sea here, leave alone pure skull, so this tactic is relatively rare in general, even if barely out of the Master, the number of Gargoyle will surely insufficient. of course not rule out the part of the operation of BT's players, almost zero early casualties, less dead A Gargoyle, cursed out the temple's money. Here the way, the birds chose the UD is equivalent to choose a poor hh order to practice operating it rich, less out of the death of one soldier on the province of a small amount of money , UD's money can only be saved from the operation inside the skull hh ghost world may not have to type out the Necromancer can not, the three heroes a skeleton staff when the stick to the old man and three calls about the effect of the skeleton, see CD when the time comes to point of skeleton rods, do not use the built temples, they do not make the old man, the enemy can not kill what Necromancer experience, do not need to make use of skull magic wand (magic old man need to fill the car), if the Dark Ranger, then it is simply and nightmares come to similar calls in the dark skeleton Ranger is sturdier than the regular skeleton more hh
4, hate ghost world.
This is the world tactics to post double-ghost, a variant of the more is fragile forces the more we need human shields, hate is a good human shields, the volume is also large enough. tanking is about the other side is not playing, not playing is not, fight, fire a waste of time to waste, do not fight, then it damage formation, not necessarily more attack power is low, the most important thing is bulky, the Ludu a tightly, great sheep, banish, hurricanes, etc., so out of hate, then the best person with the destruction, so as to play a greater role of human shields.
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View of CAD technology

 Views on the CAD technology
Chen Boxiong
to autodesk Mechanical Desktop R4 as the representative of three-dimensional design platform has been installed in many computer designers, autodesk Inventor R2 started using the three-dimensional conceptual design to practical application of the field just around the corner. technological innovation made the situation a new technology development requirements, and therefore the design and the understanding and use of three-dimensional modeling techniques, is now necessary to discuss and clarify the basic issues. The following software features and design needs from the start, I would like to make some view to discuss with you.
1.
1.1 design and drawing should be drawing all the design is inevitable, but always very strange
design drawing, is inevitable, is compelling. an engineer can not remember their design (even a relatively simple) in the full details of the graphical representation is the only possible way. These figures look first to the designers themselves: to remember, research and design their own ideas with Minato. Second is to give other engineers to see, in order to discuss the exchange of each other, work together to complete the design. and finally to the manufacturer to see, in order to design intent into a real part in the manufacturing plant. in the design of the entire process, the idea of the original impulse is three-dimensional concept, There is no doubt; design and implementation of the result is three-dimensional solid, which no doubt; However, in the traditional design, in the transmission of information between the two is actually two-dimensional graphical representation of the whole. This Britain came in the fall we are all accustomed to the phenomenon of the past, and seems to be right and proper. Comparison of perfection in order to do this, many scholars also effort, we have developed engineering drawings for the expression of standards in schools, with 200 hours training students, three-dimensional description of the human habit of forget to re-establish two-dimensional projection of the new presentation rules, and in the design process to further strengthen the technology of these statements. placed the original three-dimensional concept not readily available to single people to develop two-dimensional projection rules, which is not very strange?
1.2 drawing software, is inevitable, but also very strange
CAD technology in the infant stage at yesterday, the three-dimensional modeling ability is poor, not enough to express most of the design concept, with AutoCAD R9 intervention following software design, that is, instead of hand-drawing, it is inevitable. But now, software has been a qualitative leap, but most users there mention of CAD, people still thought of it first hand instead of drawing, rather than effective overall aided design. that many of the leading mechanical design department asked me, drawing paper past, we now use a computer, both of which are different? from the design process point of view, really is not much different. on paper easy to get things, and still easy to get; drawing paint specification, beautiful, and design quality has not improved much; only from the drawing point of view, to improve a number of efficiency, taking into account the investment in hardware and software, daily consumables investment, the efficiency of this seems to be not enough, you know this is hard to say how long the payback period of investment, whether the depreciation in the system before the expiration of a profit technology ... So, just computer-aided drawing, not to improve the design quality to solve the key problems in technological innovation. However, many people in the computer graphics (or so-called analysis, and I certainly am very surprised, like, how they had?
1.3 design problems in two-dimensional drawing
Indeed, the two-dimensional computer graphics technology for the popularization of CAD has played an important role, but also to enter higher level applications, is the necessary technical preparations. However, CAD application results should be: to improve the design quality, dissemination and preservation of design experience, improve design efficiency and reduce trial costs and improve design management ... in short, the source in the traditional design than the traditional design. The truth is that until now, two-dimensional mechanical CAD computer design technology could not solve several problems in the most awkward. In other words, if a mechanical engineer, the ability to feel inadequate graphics , need someone helped the drawing, I would like to ask the engineer: of design quality, and most in need of some assistance to several problems? may have the following number of common:
1> complex projection line generation problems
parts for rough castings and forgings, designers often draw quite a headache when the two-dimensional working drawings. intersecting lines and intersecting lines drawn do not understand, or even have to look for wood-based work plan approval. In fact this part in his head how many times I do not know want to, long to be through, that is, expression do not understand. For some details (such as casting on some cross-line fillet) is not easy in the minds of thinking clearly, would like to assist with the draw obtained two-dimensional projection map and more difficult to solve. So often this things, the designer after the success of new product trial, facing the real part in turn modify their design.
2> Drain standard size, leakage is drawing the line after a few people question
revision, leakage Standard size things still occur. and designers in the design of the more unique places, revision of the idea of people more familiar with this design, leak size, the more difficult to prevent leakage Chart. is: Do not know true colors, just because in the mountain.
3> body geometry and motion analysis of the relationship between the issues discussed
planar motion mechanism if it is, things are still better, even if the size of the map location is not quasi- , there is always an effective qualitative analysis, the space motion, there is no good solution. To get around this problem, people are always the first consideration in the design easy to design the plane body, while trying to avoid the space agency, although in many design in, knowing that space agencies may be more subtle, more optimized.
4> update and modify the design of the traditional two-dimensional design problems
is one-shot deal. If you want to update or modify, we must re-drawing, the general provisions can not be patched (the majority of the requirements of the design department is the case). especially the multi-view part, in the modified design, part of the expression and its relevant design parameters can not be completely put together, of course, no direct correlation, these technologies maintaining and updating the data is very troublesome. Although the two-dimensional graphics in AutoCAD, the changes are more convenient method, but because the expression is cumbersome, quite unreliable.
5> design engineering management
mentioned here is the management of the design, not just on the drawing management. CAD good use of some of our units, there are already several thousands DWG files, and continues to grow. These documents, in addition to graphical information, there will be a large number of design parameters and other non-graphic information, their level of relations by assembling a complex and orderly association. Can the traditional design The management model used in the CAD system? two-dimensional graphics to solve the above problems, said it was impossible to solve, it seems too much, but at least it is very difficult. This is because the two-dimensional map of the data structure, there is not enough of the original full data, can not organize and use the data. you know, two-dimensional engineering drawings express a complete idea of expression is not designed, nor is it true expression of design ideas. This pattern must be professionally trained people (memorize the expression of rules) when reading, data extraction Picture stories of the people must be interpreted in accordance with many rules, he can understand the meaning of drawing people. That is, the generation of two-dimensional engineering drawings and to recognize and read, the total can not be separated . The ultimate goal of computer applications is not the limitations of two-dimensional parametric two-dimensional parameter is for
above analysis, once popular for a time solution. remember that developers will be two-dimensional graphics software parameters of hot speculation, but there are many software commercial introduction of a number of two-dimensional graphical parameters of foreign software to sell. It seems two-dimensional parameter is an effective solution for CAD applications, an attempt to make such a generic two-dimensional graphics parameter to solve the contradictions discussed earlier. This technique The core objectives of the program are: training in computer applications, such as engineers attempt to make her generation and to recognize and read the same two-dimensional drawings. However, designers of these programs overlook the most critical issues: The computer will never be the computer. forever! open a joke, perhaps Hong Kong and Taiwan to the computer called the PC, thus affecting their right. By the way, engineering drawings, vector scanning processing software designers, have made the same mistake. from the generation of two-dimensional engineering drawings for , a view of the overall parameters of the already very difficult (of course not referring to the keyway, spline, step shaft of such a simple graphics), if the establishment of linkages between multi-view parameters, the more difficult. In this way, with a finite number of parameters drives the parts diagram, that is done is extremely difficult, and in the process, the equivalent of a designer can only mouth, commanding a mapping tool will be used only Silly boy, drawing his design. D Parametric Technology , the association between multiple views must be done Di; the same time the system must be able to identify on the basis of user error, such as user requirements into the inner hole diameter is greater than the time when the outer circle. only done these can be achieved the real parameters of two-dimensional engineering drawings. In fact, I see this type of software, no one can be up to do.
2.2 availability of two-dimensional parametric
course, if the problem is reduced to: generation and management of the use of professional design, the parameters of the two-dimensional standard parts library, the situation is really much better, because the data structure of such problems is limited and defined. fit to do a lot of topics, such as: portfolio machine tool design, fixture design, gage design and so on. Practice has proved that the idea is correct, on-site use is also very good. Unfortunately, most people have is that put forward this view at least eight years, and did not see that developers to do it seriously. even qualified (I say qualified, not just CAD) of the GB used parts library you can not find the mark. If and back to a two-dimensional parametric point of view, that is, the dimensional set of professional design parameters of the generated map achieve . In many of the design department of FAW, so the professional software is widely used to generate and effectively improve the design efficiency, reduce errors, improve design quality. shows that the technology of two-dimensional graphical model parameters, has her useless, and has made a clear effect. But this is a What is the goal? This is a very long history, involving a number of leadership and authority of their argument: But this is the whole process of designing a small part of the engineers most familiar with is difficult, at least in part, is not the most need someone to help a part. so the D should be a CAD Design. Why is this problem a long time debating? Main The reasons are:
1> who participate in this discussion, site design capabilities and design experience in the end what? really are mature and experienced designer? or mechanical engineering graduate, but did not complete the design of the quasi-independent Engineer?
2> PC CAD software is relatively immature system, its capability is weak, in fact, really old version of AutoCAD will draw two-dimensional graphics. as did a very poor job of science, too little new knowledge dissemination channel , job training opportunities for engineers are also quite small.
3> value-added software developers in the hands of the main developers is the lack of experience in engineering design students, can not tell exactly how the design process. But do not underestimate the experience round and simple geometric patterns. in such materials under the guidance of the students, not to mention design experience, there are problems with the basic concepts.
4> mechanical design is the most troublesome of various design, the most difficult standard, it seems what can be obtained is drawn into the two-dimensional drawings.
5> a lot of the promotion of applied technology or training teachers who did not really figure out the problem, but also design their own lack of experience, with its sleepy, how can make Visible. designing, there are two main modes: design innovation into the design and retrieval. only to create the conditions into the design-based, is our own product development and design patterns before it becomes competitive, to be clearly economic benefits. The retrieval system is mainly in mature design based on the increase, which is the main mode of class design tooling. complete record into the design of the secondary, the direction is the use of CAD system, is a clear cost-effective way. from the traditional design process, the map does have copied elements, but the main content of the work is to create a new two-dimensional expression. For example, a grinding spindle design, the idea in the beginning, naturally, that unclear with a couple of steps, each long, but have a rough idea, probably in the future design process, the parameters of this initial concept has been modified beyond recognition. until the end of the design, this root axis parameter is clearly down to a formal two-dimensional drawings. Therefore, in the general design, the total program to go through the sketches, assembly drawings, component diagram, a formal assembly diagram, the formal part drawing drawing several rounds of such work h Few unfinished drawings or assembly drawings of parts to get away down the situation. So, to say Parametric two-dimensional graphical approach is not supporting graphics-aided design. and for a mechanical engineer, to draw his two-dimensional engineering drawings special skill, or to use computer-aided really does not matter. In this sense, with the drawing board or computer, there is no essential difference. But, AutoCAD software in two-dimensional diagram of this processing, a unique, strong geometric design function, the accuracy is also very reliable. If the design of AutoCAD as a limited database to use in mastering the operation of the skill or assistance with the procedures look too complex, we can solve many difficult to solve analytical method for solving engineering or professional design simulation data that CAD really needs to effectively improve the quality of design. If you want to be in two-dimensional graphics in real-aided design, this model is really a way of CAGD. such as the author in 1989 as the main design and development of the power head CAD system credibility. This is the AutoCAD R9 to complete the work. can be seen, the establishment of two-dimensional design of the database, in the context of two-dimensional drawing is also useful potential applications.
3. From the beginning three-dimensional design is the inevitable trend
3.1 D design also two-dimensional design
part in the design of the original impulse is when the three-dimensional, there is a color, material, hardness, shape, size, location, related parts, manufacturing processes, and associated with the concept of three-dimensional solid, even with a very complex relationship between the movement of three-dimensional solid. only because of the limited means before, people have mutually agreed in the first quadrant (the United States is the third quadrant) the expression of parallel projection of two-dimensional view of the rules associated with the finite two-dimensional projection of three-dimensional expression of their ideas. This expression is very incomplete information, and drawing, Picture stories people have to go through special training in order to ; error. it is easy to rapidly expand aid the whole process, the design process can use all the uniform data, which was developed CAD today, tomorrow our computer CAD. From the beginning the design of three-dimensional, two-dimensional works in drawing still comply with the requirements of traditional design, because the processing and assembly site still can not install the computer system. In this way, support software must be generated from two-dimensional three-dimensional working drawings, and the ability to bi-directional association; order to scrape together in the design and modify the size and shape distribution, support software must also have three-dimensional entity with overall size constraints and characteristics of modified capacity. would then be possible to establish full and complete design database and on this basis, further stress and strain analysis, part quality attribute analysis, space motion analysis, assembly interference analysis, NC control machinability analysis, high accuracy two-dimensional drawing generation, Evaluation of the appearance of colors and shapes, commercial advertising generated a series of modeling and animation are able to fully meet the demand, this is the whole process of design effective assistance, this is a clear technical and economic benefits of CAD. If you do this, the work of the traditional two-dimensional graph-based design data management will become a three-dimensional design data for the conservation and management, and engineering University of mechanical drawing class can dramatically cut removed, to preserve the original concept of three students, two-dimensional drawing of the painting should be followed greatly simplified. In our country, in the near future as the full realization of the Boeing 777 digital design is not possible, but in three-dimensional mechanical system concepts from the beginning of the implementation, conditions for PC-based CAD is available, you can expect to solve the traditional design of the difficulties listed earlier. This will significantly improve the design to make sure the quality, followed by a improve the design speed.
3.2 is the only real sense of three-dimensional design, creating as many two-dimensional design CAD
Parametric software vendors told me, with two-dimensional parameter, You are free to modify the parts shape and size, complete design update, how good it. But I never believed such views. changes the size of parts is easy, the question is how do I dare to change. to dare to change, at least, mechanical analysis must be carried out otherwise broken link how to do this? us learn workers who have learned full force and material force of reason, after three to five years after the design work, how much you have left this knowledge? do not often use the knowledge to forget, not without reason is not often used, but too much trouble: as a check of the shaft torsion still make do, you try to analyze the engine cylinder head. not to mention the high quality of design, many of the problem in this analysis. see the thin compact design abroad, and our black thick lump of similar design, but the stiffness is not good, because who will say: the key is not used local materials. Where is the key component of most needed materials? Can not find this site, the design is still the silly big black thick. shows stress and strain analysis is extremely important in CAD content. Only three-dimensional design, be possible to set up the finite element analysis of the raw data, then the part geometry optimal design. otherwise, it is traditional design methods: the bench several times and even prototype assessment test, the high cost, long cycle, is a modern market economy can not be tolerated. the opportunity is fair to each designer in demand determined, whoever designed, the first to create successful, will come to be the market, there are economic benefits. often such a situation, according to the shape of disposable lighters abroad, we re-create one of the injection is complete, at a glance different. why? you did not release sufficient injection mold shrinkage local. In this issue, there is no way the traditional two-dimensional design. under discussion in the assembly part design, so that each engineer has a dream. D design can only be done locally on the force, while the three-dimensional design must be able to realize this dream.
3.3 you can directly enter the three-dimensional design
have a similar discussion, we present electronic professional teaching, the principle is the semiconductor Let's talk about, followed by diodes, transistors, single-tube amplification, complex amplification, small-scale integrated circuit h in this order about hardware. and from the binary, the conversion of various binary, machine instructions, to the general programming talk about this order h software. emphasis here is on a not necessarily graduate. because the , still can use a good computer. for the purpose of computer applications is the do not know and has been involved in this process. and if the computer can not take over more and more the work of humans has confirmed the process of automation, there will be more and more computer systems in use. Therefore, the computer software application features : the use of software features, depending on your subject requirements to complete want to do. As for the software, what is done internally, there is no need to worry about. as long as you really clear what to do (in fact this is not easy) . in the software application, the software capabilities how strong your application results of a number of good, do not have to like that in college, by learning from the binary. visible, skip the stage of two-dimensional engineering graphics software applications, directly from the three-dimensional design start, no problem. Of course, in the three-dimensional modeling of two-dimensional graph to use to line generation technology, or must master. For a mature designer, the biggest obstacle to enter the three-dimensional design software application is not technology, but their own way of thinking. accustomed to two-dimensional engineering drawings over the years because the expression of a set of rules used to Picture stories in the use of three-dimensional model for describing the various types and characteristics of the relationship between the thinking has been estranged from. In this On the one hand, and even as a new college graduate students receiving capacity. his own mode of thinking, One under the guidance of experienced teachers, will soon meet the requirements.
4. All parameters of three-dimensional model of the necessary drive and can only be
4.1 model-driven design parameters, it makes sense to design model
The establishment of the database is populated with data design process. to establish a database aims to scrape together in the future the process of design with reference and modify data, and finally to complete the design. it is not three-dimensional model parameter-driven, not much in the design purposes. just do assembly relation, location, relationships and even movement relationship.
4.2 Design parameters of the model-driven design model for the possibility of
divided into two categories. something I call the . the other I call limited parameters can be fully constrained, and this is the basic concept of parameter. for mechanical design, the geometric model accounts for the vast majority of our design objects. Thus, our design can be used almost all parameters can be expressions of the three-dimensional model . Autodesk's MDT and Inventor are typical of such software. MDT is a typical parametric modeling software, the parameters of the technical features of the constraints and engineers are still some differences between the idea that this distinction is probably always there the idea because the software is always behind the idea of human beings.
constrained model parameters are divided into two categories:
1> geometric constraints. For example: parallel, concentric with each other, the two lines of equal length h such constraints is to determine their geometric relationship, and this geometric relationship in the future design remain the same.
2> size constraints. For example: length, height, angle, radius, h such a constraint is to determine their size and relative distance, in the future design, these dimensions may change, may also be other parts reference. MDT and the characteristics of a typical modeling software.
characterized model is divided into three categories:
1> based on contour features: first, two-dimensional constraints are parameterized contour, then the software according to requirements and may generate three-dimensional model characteristics. For example: stretching, turning, setting out the characteristics of h so that Boolean operations can also be combined in the same model .
2> based on existing features of the characteristics: first, there are certain characteristics, based on this modification. For example: rounded corners, the array has been attached to h which is a characteristic feature.
3 > Positioning features: a coordinate control of parametric results, generated face, work axes, work points, or reference coordinate system. These elements are parameterized. MDT for the design of data management, providing design and management of data structure variables functions. Meanwhile, in MDT provided a wealth of data on the design parameters of the structure and management tools, which are traditional design techniques for refining and abstract, is to use the program to simulate the traditional design skills and provides a typical example of the user. to master and use this type of technology, improving the quality of the design will play a direct role.
1> the design variables are used to control the activation of parts of variable. design variables, in order to establish the design size of the auto parts association.
2> design variables can use the data to external databases, such as: Excel table or *. PRM file. In this way, design data will be possible on a larger scale within the means with more control, management and computing. can be seen, from the function, the realization of all parameters of the three-dimensional modeling, MDT already have the necessary and sufficient conditions. These features are actually designed for the traditional knowledge of the procedures treatment, this function is > I think that the computer + application software called mature designers. In fact, the composition of a CAD system should include hardware, software and users, no matter how strong the ability to design software, human action is the effect of the decision to use the software the decisive factor. very clear, with a CAD software, in different hands, there will be quite different the results. For example: AutoCAD in the hands of just some of electronic drawing board, while in other hands has become a very good platform for two-dimensional design.
This may depend on the following conditions:
1> to do the design of their own understanding of how deep in the end?
2> in the modeling data preparation prior to the adequacy of the design of the full?
3> on your own professional design experience and knowledge in the end how wide?
4> use the software features of their grasp in the end how much?
visible effect in the pursuit of software applications, the first should check the adequacy of their preparation . can not imagine a lack of experience in the design of new engineers will complete a proper full-parametric model-driven three-dimensional parts. Even very understanding of software application developers, professional design knowledge may be due to the poor, often in his program ignorance once again, such examples and even quite common. engineers using CAD systems, especially three-dimensional design system, the existing lack of technical preparations for sure, the concept must be modified some of their own, this is the inevitable technological advances. at least you have been your Drawing teacher may read some reference books, and author of a number of taught you inadvertently incorrect application methods, and you shift the point of view these methods as the authority of the h word, and improve their professional design knowledge, to participate in formal training in software applications is to make themselves in the CAD system to play its due role in the key.
There is a point of view: according to the software design software for their own design. In this view the process of CAD application software the main factors not the user. so users need to overcome self, to adapt to the software. I think this is wrong, in the professional design, the highest authority is not software, but the designer. Therefore, in the process of CAD technology, we must we take the initiative. Help you choose a fairly accurate idea of the software.
2> software does not provide a direct function of user requirements. The solution is not conform to the software functionality required to give up this function should be the use of indirect tactics, such as generated in the MDT parameters of the stiffener. This shows that the choice of software is more appropriate.
3> software does not provide the user requested features. outflanking tactics, and professional programs can not be added, which indicates that the software does not fit your design requirements. < br> 4> clear, the user requirements, user requirements or unreasonable. For example: want to draw a few two-dimensional view, requires that the software generates the corresponding three-dimensional model. Another example: the requirements of part 600 of the full parameter The reason why the assembly h is inappropriate for such a request, because in practical engineering design process, or from existing technology and the human mind to discuss the results, it is impossible to achieve such a request, or it is not necessary. Under such circumstances, can only enhance the user's own design skills and theoretical level of the.
In short, the use of any CAD software, must I (mature professional designer) mainly to my design ideas and the original data-based, software will always be subsidiary. learning software functions and operations of the process, just like the process of learning a foreign language, to express the results not change their content, but to change the method of expression. according to the design of software design ideas point of view, the essence of the design will, that is, the creative engineer, has been greatly restricted. Of course, if the only copy maps, the establishment ...

Living Situation of Chinese writers

 November 5, the Writers Guild of America launched a massive strike. But these are separated by vast oceans than U.S. counterparts, Chinese writers of the realistic situation much worse, even more remote hope of rights.
Thousand U.S. number of writers took to the streets, dozens of major U.S. television hit series at stake, the crisis facing off the air. incident has so far lasted two weeks, yet stop signs.
status of Chinese writers living scan < br> draft Source: Southern Metropolis Daily Date: [November 18, 2007] Revision: [GB31] version Name: [Read Weekly Cultural China] Next
standing on the sidelines, the Chinese writers are concerned about all this excitement . than their American counterparts separated by vast oceans, the reality of the situation of China's much worse writer, activist and more slim hope.
writers still rely on their parents more than two years to feed
25-year-old Beijing girl Zhang Qi (a pseudonym) is a day not to speak. wearing glasses, fat, she has good character, has recently often do not communicate with others, inexplicably lost his temper. parents carefully looked at her gloomy face, dared not speak. < br> a screenwriter is not easy, but I did not expect to be so difficult. , and has not seen his first film.
11, the U.S. writers strike spread the news media in China. In China separated by vast oceans, the writers organized as their U.S. counterparts, can stand in defiance and envy endless. were compiled after another interview with the media to express their dissatisfaction with the status quo, Haiyan, said, ; all Chinese writers strike from today! costs, and foster a high cost of education writers. out of a few years later there is still a difficult time in the defeat and darkness, until the first play written. Many writers have no income, or even rely on help from friends, parents should support. Bank --- screenplay. Zhang Qi naturally inclined to play, at university or drama club's president, on the writer's life is full of longing. She returned home to Beijing, in a newly developed film and television companies got his wish to do screenplay. but soon the company went bankrupt. Zhang Qi, a manager with one walk and started a real great writers is the following famous writers, we call the teacher. The teacher can give you kind of signed, the money will be given as much as promised. But not so in most cases. Of course, the level is very important to writers and writing too bad people of course do not want to. young, but lumbar spine, or have a problem. Zhang Qi persist for a while, creating a low tide to enter, thinking began to slow up. no new ideas, the boss is also not satisfied, had to leave.
too need to mix the circle, and resources are the most important. teachers, classmates, friends, friends of friends, relationships take lightly, is disorderly, then this job is to come. teacher to pull the line, with a last name with the stone of the old writers to write TV shows. This play is a place of government investment, but also to the local folk songs. outline written, but changed four times, from one million words changed to fifty thousand words, the producers are not satisfied. unsatisfactory for many reasons, such as they think, ; this woman is not bad, but some real small selfish nature is true, Qi finally get our hands on, only 5,000 dollars.
six months later, Zhang Qi met a famous writer in Hong Kong, the early 80s, this writer wrote the drama has swept the country. Zhang Qi followed him to Shanghai, day, we went to Jin Dingxuan eating dumplings at noon, afternoon, was told: This project was canceled. to wait with expectation, but more so the more disappointing the past six months, she only got 1.2 million, and any benefits and insurance are not.
threw more than two years later, Zhang Qi and pick up job several times, but did not get all of a money. She also learned the Minato integer it, to receive part of the deposit is lucky, many simply put in writing. time for a company to write sitcoms, written a month after being told a company manager for the project do not do a. one-month job White not do that even fares are not reimbursed. On another occasion, a friend introduced her to write a play in rural areas, rural teachers describe a movie, only willing to 6,000 yuan. This is a small enough, but also her down.
the past few years, Zhang Qi can not get capital to sustain life. frustrating when one day without saying a word, or every day, angry, anxious parents have read, down the drain is not written his own screenplay, ideas and skills in question. the people around us are trying to persuade me to give up, but I still like working with play-related. Drama graduate. Perhaps, she will therefore have a new world, perhaps, she will repeat the old way before, until not stick to it.
story of Zhang Qi not isolated cases.
the Central Drama Institute, Shanghai Academy of Drama, Beijing Film Academy, Beijing Broadcasting Institute (now the Communication University of China) hh 22 colleges and universities across the country have an annual intake of dramatic literature undergraduate film and television literature to each school an annual intake of 45 students per year graduate department of the National Operas students, nearly 1,000 people. plus film directing part of the students, they are the writer and trained personnel.
Zhang Qi said, however, now most of the graduate students do not make us. a class, more than 80% of students do reporters, secretaries, as well as into the television, the real writers do very little. the industry. Jinan University, a training course on film and television writer, there is a 73-year-old woman. from the workers, soldiers, workers to a variety of industry you can imagine, there are writers who aspire to enter the industry. One writer told I, she met screenwriter course, there are as many pilots.
fledgling ten works may not be made into a
Zhe Yang is the director of the Central Academy of Drama graduate students in film and television. He is most impressed to school When teachers repeatedly emphasized: because they do not have enough guidance. ratio between how much? about ten to one. .
even made into a work, are far from famous. There is a saying that is: ten works of Chinese writers to write, can take five, three can be released, one to enter and prime-time, and that is lucky to.
for inexperienced young people, ten works are very lucky to have one made into. Zhe Yang own experience illustrates this point. is often a finished script, producers also disappeared. because of money or other reasons , investors withdraw, the writers work in vain. There policy factors, such as opera or police drama to catch up with curettage was blocked, write.
graduated more than a year, Zhe Yang did not shoot his first film. What works to make, but the day for them, it has been a very difficult. It is estimated they might switch to the. Zhe in angrily on his blog published an article, money, is a fledgling screenwriter things most frequently encountered the young writer Liao Yujing .80 in after seeing the news after the U.S. writers strike excitedly wrote in his blog, shouting: !, is the result of his adaptation, so the writer should be his. play the sentence is: exaggeration, if you see the director also signed screenwriter, I do have this suspect. often, and screenwriter famous for leading a difference thousands of miles, but investors willing to invest, because they known. As for the audience's feelings would not have taken into account, because it can get the best investment book writers, producers who have their own relationships and channels. and then the TV can be bad in the broadcast. . an interview that she accidentally made the acquaintance of the famous Hong Kong filmmaker Manfred Wong, given the opportunity to write a Song The feeling is that drilling, including real estate, foot City boss, can become investors. Many investors do not know the ropes, the tortured writer meal, and finally do not go on, now circulating the Internet to a blacklist of those bullying specifically for investors or companies, so the writers beware. but it does not have much effect, There are a lot a lot to do to join the novice wait, turned down a variety of other invited friends out even play that astronomical 20 million salary, so the producers specifically. The producer said, He dragged two weeks. to have been dragged on for a year and a half so. after signing the contract, waited six months before it really began. This had almost given up all income Cheng Yazi. I learned the first lesson. drama, such as The experience is very lucky, even a little legendary. sophomore year, she participated in an activity director was sitting next to a name. chat, the director wanted to make a youth talking about his idol, looking for young people to write the script. ring? h after written outline of the modifications made into the old writer, she began her career as the writer.
However, writers often encounter trouble, ring? h were also not spared. She is currently playing a lawsuit, the film is shot out, investors still owed the balance due to her script. The lawsuit, but it's useless to win, could not be enforced. He would not give money, no way. deposit, outline, draft, final version. deposit to ten percent, the outline by adding twenty percent, to forty percent complete draft of the script, change the final to give thirty percent complete.
Ya sub- told reporters that many self-deprecating screenplay is Screenplay fees even repudiate. so experienced writers will be asked to separate that part of the first draft took five sets to get one, or two or three sets to take time, in order to prevent risks.
ring? h once to help people write a screenplay, the other said, , it is difficult to collect evidence to accuse the other side. I learned that in the United States are each play registered in their unions, could be compared to the peer review, and even ten percent of suspected plagiarism are well documented. Ya son said that writers often have to pay after the finalization completed 30% of the royalties also buckle in the hands of the producers, American writers support ya son fills his work day. Shi Hong resentment than reward
a lot of people scrambling to get out of high deposit asked him to write a play.
but he remains resentful. in the United States before the writers strike, Shi Kang breath in his blog published ten articles of continuity to He throws in the hit series no hope! Entrepreneurship and love experience. XI play in the Beijing area during the Golden Week this ratings first. the same hit many provinces in the south, a great response.
shikang no secret to the reporters just a personal income account: the time he spent three years writing million, plus some bits of fragmented royalties, add up to 1.1 million dollars. three-year income of 1.1 million, more than 30 million per year.
The people at the forefront of the industry. If a write a to the good talent to enter. only a fool come in and take some Dry. write a play, if continuous write three years, mostly to write decadent, because , then the writer is almost always busy and no harvest, he would write a lot of outline, but no one two three draft to modify the results can only get some prepaid scrape.
TV drama in China's investment cost, Shi Kang is the crux of that. At present, China accounts for only a play writer's compensation budget 5% to 8%. The 32-hit series set of Beijing is only equivalent to a small mansion inside the ring, and even not worth the drama of a popular U.S. TV series starring a set income, and our hundreds of millions of people to lie on the front of the TV watching this cheap stuff too little interest, they had no opportunity to increase investment. because television rather cheap buy ten break can play, not willing to buy an expensive good show. remuneration, provide good conditions. Products.
Hai? _ emotion Chinese writer, rights, our writers are still in the level of adequate food and clothing. . In this year's five years will not have any effect. television drama all year backlog of thousands of sets. You can also pick and choose.
You can also go to the filming of advertising, writer right? writers, directors and actors, they can not be a prospering, but the loss was a loss both for sure. sharing, film fire, and earn more at the box office, it has nothing to do with the writer. This is an unreasonable allocation ratio.
present, TV writer's income is calculated according to each episode of the royalties. According to different regions and prices of different companies. novice about two or three thousand dollars a set, you can get skilled episode 5000-10000, an average of thirty or forty thousand veteran screenwriter episode has been very good.'s top writers, like Wang? _ such as first-line writers The remuneration of about 8 million in each episode.
movie is another way of payment, top writers, such as Liu Heng (war This figure is poor. lister single set fee of up to 15 million, and can be filming ads. They fought in a year three dramas and one or two movies, get a dozen ads mention the annual income of tens of millions . . see the actors have to take care of at the edge of the messenger, I found their dreams with the writer's really very different. added more scenes to help them get more opportunities to appearance, actors on the play's lack of respect, lightly changed. more changes to the worse it? most writers labor of his own creation, there is no right to speak. tens of thousands of people get a huge amount of profits, including the creation of very important people, our writers plan a blueprint for the entire movie. But with the increase in profit, our revenues are in the shrink. involved in large-scale causes of the strike, the United States Association of Film and Television Producers Writers Guild rejected a TV DVD and Internet downloads on the profit commission requires .5 day writers strike in the Paramount, Disney, Warner Brothers , NBC, and other famous parade in front of television headquarters. U.S. media reports said the strike caused the loss of 80 million U.S. dollars a day. because of the golden section of the United States generally are shot TV broadcast, many stations began struggling to survive. China audiences are familiar with the risk of a large number of plays are off the air, including ;.
counterparts in China, however, the U.S. is currently holding paid script is already the envy of many. American film producers alliance, said notice to respond, A writer can get $ 200,000 average salary. Class $ 21,000, prime-time drama class $ 31,000. Many writers more. Most writers are based on profit sharing, a hot film will get $ 4,000,000 writer. script and popularity. The U.S. has generally not to mention the drama director, mentioning mostly writers and actors. China's situation is completely different, who can pull to invest in, and got the money, but also has a relationship to get the television film Who is the most important. in the unregulated market environment, the writer is obviously one of the most vulnerable part.
Chinese writer of the Writers Guild of America the envy of such organizations. As a member of Writers Guild of America, the Chinese living in America Treats writer told reporters, this is a non-governmental organizations, to protect the interests of writers exist. not everyone can enter the Writers Guild of America, members of every quarter to pay dues to the union, and unions do not protect the writer's low wages at a minimum, but also to ensure that writers of medical care, unemployment benefits and insurance. Writers Guild strike is also to help writers through the organization to ask for more rights, such as the strike action, This is the largest. is to make money, we eat, drink some, calling conferences, where the results are not seen. . ring? h said that China's writers are also generally to pick out the name of the individual book, or that a large number of people to form organizations studio screenwriter. And she knew of several writers working for the Hong Kong TVB, a fixed salary, Regardless of the cost of living have to write do not write. This situation is very different with the mainland.
even compare to our neighbors South Korea and Japan, China's position is far better writer. It is understood that South Korea salary even higher than the stars, billions of (South Korea) per calculation. a South Korean drama Choupai cycle is generally two and a half, from television or a good writer to determine topics, the director, screenwriter, producer, co-organized three script, select the scene, writers and even actors directly involved in the selection. This is the drama one of the reasons that swept Asia.
like China, almost all of the presentation ceremony for best screenplay prize, up to accept the award are director, assistant director. Zhang placed at home plate, suspended 3 times, only to find his name 1. The reason is it flashes too fast. As for the writers on the status of income and complaints are everywhere.
Haiyan is the only writer by profit sharing, royalties of up to hundreds of thousands per episode. But very few such people.
producer, a considerable degree of certainty. And at home, the community's elite will not choose to do list. because the bitter, the income is too low. Moreover, the U.S. drama TV series of investment and our investment is also night and day of production Do not.